the Laying of walls from concrete and natural stones |
STONE WORKS
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Stenovye from concrete produce stones, from cellular easy concrete, without emptiness (continuous) and hollow (on porous fillers). Hollow stones happen through and with closed shchelevidnymi emptiness. Stones subdivide: the cores (the size 390Х190Х188мм) and additional. The additional stones corresponding to three quarters and half of the basic stone, use for bandaging of a laying and formation of quarters in apertures. From concrete stones put up walls in the thickness 90, 190, 240, 290, 390мм and above. Weight of the stones applied to a laying of a land part of buildings, 14... 25кг. To a laying of walls from natural stones apply, as a rule, pilenye stones from easy breeds in the size 390X190X188; 490X240X188 and 390X190X288мм, and also additional, equal to three quarters or half of length of the basic stones. a Fig. 89. Dvuhrjadnaja bandaging of a laying from concrete stones: The Laying from continuous and hollow concrete and natural stones conduct with displacement of cross-section vertical seams in adjacent numbers on a quarter or a half-stone. Sequence of performance of operations the same, as at a laying from ceramic stones. A laying from the continuous and hollow stones having smooth end faces, tie up on dvuhrjadnoj to system (fig. 89, and, with packing tychkovyh numbers through everyone two lozhkovyh a number or with bandaging tychkami through everyone lozhkovyj a number (fig. 90,). a Fig. 90. A laying of walls from concrete stones : Sometimes to the irresponsible poorly loaded designs apply a laying from concrete stones with through emptiness without cross-section bandaging, thus in horizontal seams necessarily stack cross-section steel sheaves not less often than through 2... 3 numbers on wall height. The number and section of these communications specify in the project. The Thickness of seams in a laying from concrete and natural stones should be same, as well as in a laying from a brick or ceramic stones (horizontal not less 10мм and no more 15мм; vertical - limits 8... 15мм). At a laying lozhkovyh numbers (fig. 90, and, the mason of 2nd rjazrjada costs ahead of the mason of 4th category. Moving in the laying direction, the first submits stones on a wall and establishes them with the intervals equal approximately to length of one stone. An apportion of stones begin on distance 2... 2,5 lengths of a stone from a place of a laying for lozhkovo th number to take place for the device rastvornoj beds. At a laying tychkovyh numbers (fig. 90, stones preliminary display on a wall on distance 80... 100мм one from another. Carrying out a laying, the mason puts kelmoj on the top surface of the stone put on a wall two strips from a solution in width on 60мм. Then takes a stone two hands and, gradually turning it on 90° presses closely to earlier laid stone, rebuffing it on bed from a solution, pressing of both hands, and acting of seams on an obverse surface of a laying the solution cuts off kelmoj and dumps on a laying. For filling of cross-section seams a solution in addition throw in a seam from above kelmoj. The Laying from legkobetonnyh stones with closed shchelevidnymi emptiness (not through) on a way of manufacture does not differ from a laying from continuous stones as stones stack emptiness downwards. A laying tie up and form quarters in apertures by means of not half-number stones and the stones having quarters for apertures. With that end in view alternate numbers of a laying from the whole stones and longitudinal halves with which provide displacement of longitudinal seams of a laying on half of stone (fig. 91). a Fig. 91. Bandaging of longitudinal seams of a laying from legkobetonnyh stones with slot-hole emptiness : The Laying from concrete and other stones in weight to 16кг is carried out by a link "фтющър" at heavier stones - "=Ёющър" as for lifting and packing of stones efforts of two persons are required. A workplace at a laying from concrete stones will organise basically the same as and at a bricklaying. |
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